Integrating building information modeling and virtual reality development engines for building indoor lighting design

Table 1 BLDF lighting simulations and comparison results

Points	Illuminance levels (lux)		BLDF error	Illuminance levels (lux)	Radiance error	Illuminance levels (lux)
	Sensor Reading	BLDF	BLDF error	Radiance	Radiance error	3ds Max	3ds Max error
(a) 10:00 a.m. (daylight)
A	864	870	0.69%	819.14	5.42%	789	8.68%
B	910	870	4.39%	800.09	12.07%	868	4.61%
C	792	750	5.30%	782.38	1.21%	767	3.15%
D	667	670	0.45%	708.49	6.22%	940	40.92%
E	754	725	3.84%	847.35	12.38%	662	12.20%
F	720	670	6.94%	738.82	2.61%	711	1.25%
Average			3.61%		6.65%		11.80%
(b) 10:10 a.m. (daylight + artificial lights)
A	1203	> 1000	–	1102.06	–	1064	–
B	1350	> 1000	–	1175.67	–	1145	–
C	1012	950	6.12%	982.36	2.92%	876	13.43%
D	895	900	0.55%	952.15	6.85%	1234	37.87%
E	982	950	3.25%	925.38	5.76%	951	3.15%
F	956	850	11.08%	964.17	0.85%	824	13.80%
Average			5.25%		4.09%		17.06%
(c) 8.00 p.m. (artificial lights)
A	832	850	2.16%	837.13	0.61%	732	12.01%
B	875	825	5.71%	847.62	3.12%	774	11.54%
C	768	750	2.34%	750.20	2.31%	519	32.42%
D	822	850	3.40%	833.16	1.35%	891	8.39%
E	844	850	0.71%	845.58	0.18%	850	0.71%
F	722	750	3.87%	747.89	3.58%	521	27.83%
Average			3.03%		1.85%		15.48%